Understanding Acne: Causes, Triggers & Modern Treatment

Acne vulgaris affects up to 85% of adolescents and a significant proportion of adults. Despite how common it is, it remains widely misunderstood — and therefore frequently undertreated.

What Actually Causes Acne?

Acne develops when hair follicles become plugged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. Four key factors drive this process:

1. 1.Excess sebum production — driven largely by androgens (hormones)
2. 2.Follicular hyperkeratinization — abnormal shedding of skin cells lining the follicle
3. 3.C. acnes bacteria — which proliferates in the anaerobic follicle environment
4. 4.Inflammation — both the cause and result of the above

Common Triggers

Beyond the core mechanism, certain factors can worsen acne: - Hormonal fluctuations (puberty, menstrual cycle, PCOS) - High glycemic index diets - Dairy consumption (particularly milk) - Stress (raises cortisol, which stimulates sebum) - Certain medications - Comedogenic skincare products

Modern Treatment Approaches

Treatment depends on acne severity and type. Mild acne may respond to topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide. Moderate acne often requires topical or oral antibiotics combined with retinoids. Severe, nodular, or scarring acne may need oral isotretinoin — a highly effective but carefully managed treatment.

The most important thing is accurate assessment by a dermatologist. Many patients spend months on treatments that don't match their acne type. An accurate diagnosis means faster, more effective results.

If you're struggling with acne, book a consultation at Skinhub Clinic.